mohammad ali Hajidehabadi; atefeh hassannezhad; nazanin nasire
Abstract
Today, fetal health protection is more important than ever to health and legal actors. Fetal abuse is a term that has evolved with the advancement of medical science in recent decades and includes not only behaviors that result in abortion but also other intentional behaviors that cause harm other than ...
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Today, fetal health protection is more important than ever to health and legal actors. Fetal abuse is a term that has evolved with the advancement of medical science in recent decades and includes not only behaviors that result in abortion but also other intentional behaviors that cause harm other than abortion as well as behaviors. Which is mainly due to the negligence or carelessness of the person carrying the fetus or others. This article uses analytical-descriptive method and using library resources to review and compare the criminal laws of Iran, USA and the United Kingdom in the field of fetal abuse. Regarding intentional fetal abuse, especially abortion, most of the world's penal systems, especially the system The criminal law of the three countries discussed in this study has developed several laws, but the embryo of harassment due to negligence or carelessness has received less attention from lawmakers. The findings show that in some US states, such as South Carolina, this issue has received more attention. In the penal system of the United Kingdom and Iran, the issue of fetal abuse due to negligence has not received much attention, although in Iran, the law on how to donate embryos to infertile couples has dealt with such behaviors to a small extent
Mohammad Ali Hajidehabadi; saeede khatami
Abstract
Creating horror at global level, terrorism has led governments to counter it extensively. To this end, international organizations combated terrorism through ratification of various conventions and resolutions. The scope of the fight against terrorism became more scopious when tackling the financing ...
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Creating horror at global level, terrorism has led governments to counter it extensively. To this end, international organizations combated terrorism through ratification of various conventions and resolutions. The scope of the fight against terrorism became more scopious when tackling the financing of terrorism was taken into account. International law sources, especially the Security Council's resolution 1373, 1999 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and The FATF Recommendations, by imposing specific methods in confronting the act of financing terrorism, have pushed countries to fight financing of terrorism increasingly. Currently, the fight against the financing of terrorism in different ways, including the adoption of precautionary measures for the early identification of sources used for the purpose of assisting terrorist operations, as well as taking responsive actions such as punishing perpetrators of terrorist financing and freezing their assets has become an international requirement. The present paper, through applying a descriptive-analytic method, while studying the international requirements in combating financing of terrorism and comparing it with Combating the Financing of Terrorism Act and its executive ordinance, explains the way in which Iran's legal system deals with the financing of terrorism. Thereafter, the article aims at analyzing Iran's criminal policy in countering the financing of terrorism in terms of main ideologies that govern it namely security-oriented versus freedom-oriented criminal policy.
jalalaldin gheasi; mohammad ali haji dehabadi; farshid dehghan
Abstract
Legitimacy and legality is not enough for evidences to be presented to the criminal judge, but obtaining evidences by legitimate and lawful ways and means is needed as well, since, even the most important evidence for proving a criminal fact would be void if legal and licit way of its obtaining is ignored. ...
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Legitimacy and legality is not enough for evidences to be presented to the criminal judge, but obtaining evidences by legitimate and lawful ways and means is needed as well, since, even the most important evidence for proving a criminal fact would be void if legal and licit way of its obtaining is ignored. In Islamic law the evidence which is acquired in an invalid way, would be illegitimate and would be exited of evidences set and would not be referred. In Iranian law, the evidence which is obtained by illicit way would be , with reference to Islamic law, put out of the evidence set, –except in some cases like legal evidences of Hdoud- But even the obtainers are punished in most cases, however, illegal acquiring of evidence would not led to its invalidity. According to western countries law and European Human Rights Convention, unlawful gaining of evidence would result to nullification of the evidence and since acquiring legitimate evidence is known as a fundamental human right, there would be no difference between criminal and semi-criminal authorities.
Mohammad Ali Haji Deh Abadi; Fatemeh Behzadinia; Saleh Esmaili
Abstract
Mohammad Ali Haji Deh Abadi [1] Fatemeh Behzadinia[2] Saleh Esmaili[3] As a result of technological development, each day new inventions are recorded and utilized in human societies. In the light of these technical developments and due to the emergence of new concepts of artificial intelligence, ...
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Mohammad Ali Haji Deh Abadi [1] Fatemeh Behzadinia[2] Saleh Esmaili[3] As a result of technological development, each day new inventions are recorded and utilized in human societies. In the light of these technical developments and due to the emergence of new concepts of artificial intelligence, robotics has also entered a new phase in human beings' lives. Consequently, anticipation for the realization of a dream of an artificial intelligence has increased. The need to adopt rules and regulations to be used for this technical equipment, and to ensure safe grounding for them seems a necessity at this stage. Criminalization of violations of these rules can be justified for the protection of individuals against the effects of working with these tools, and for avoiding numerous hazards known to them in the industrial life. How can one place responsibility on or punish a robot that has inflicted irreversible damages on somebody or something? This article deals with the criminal liability of robots. These findings can be of use in the legislation of modern robotic technology.