Mostafa Fazaeli; Ehsan Shakib; Mousa Karami
Abstract
Along with the increasing development of cyberspace, the scope of influence of religion is extended universally and the process of its globalization is improved. This fact, through paving the way for integration among different faiths and religions, potentially can decrease the religious conflicts and ...
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Along with the increasing development of cyberspace, the scope of influence of religion is extended universally and the process of its globalization is improved. This fact, through paving the way for integration among different faiths and religions, potentially can decrease the religious conflicts and consequently promote international peace and security. Globalization of faith requires the acceptance of freedom of faith and religion as a fundamental principle of International Human Rights Law and the universal nature of cyberspace plays a direct role in this regard. Although the right to choose and have faith is fully recognized under human rights rules, the right to express belief in cyberspace is not an absolute one and is faced with some restrictions. Criteria such as respecting rights and dignity of others and public morals, prohibition of calling to religious hatred and prohibition of ideologies based on religious superiority are among restrictions imposed on faith freedom in cyberspace. The present paper, through a descriptive-analytic method and by means of a human rights approach and with a view to Islamic teachings, attempts to illustrate the position of religious freedom in cyberspace and its impacts on international peace and security. The authors maintain that promoting the noble teachings of Islam as to peace and tolerance toward other faiths in cyberspace can play a notable role in religious integration in the world and provides the maintenance and strengthening of international peace and security.
Ali Mashadi; Mousa Karami; Hossein Habibi Kojidi
Abstract
Abstract One of the new-fangled phenomenon that has impaired the rights and health of women and consequently humanity and security of the society is the heinous act of acid throwing on the body and face of women and young girls. Acid violence, as a modern form of violence against women, is considered ...
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Abstract One of the new-fangled phenomenon that has impaired the rights and health of women and consequently humanity and security of the society is the heinous act of acid throwing on the body and face of women and young girls. Acid violence, as a modern form of violence against women, is considered the reflection of gender inequality and discrimination in society. This act affects not only its victims, but also their family and society. Under Islamic jurisprudence, acid throwing falls under Hirabah in terms of type of the weapon and is regarded Corruption on Earth in the view of the act's repetition. Being a kind of gender-based discrimination and violence against women, and consequently breach of their fundamental human rights, this act is forbidden undoubtedly in accordance with International Human Rights Law (IHRL). Accordingly, states must exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and punish the perpetrators of acid attacks against women. The present article, through a descriptive-analytic method and by means of content analysis, aims to illustrate the acid throwing under Islamic Law and IHRL.
Mostafa Fazaeli; null null
Abstract
This article, through a descriptive-analytic method and on a library-based approach and by means of analyzing the protection of religious minorities under Islamic legal system in one side and International Minority Protection Law (IMPL) in the other side, aims to illustrate the relation between these ...
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This article, through a descriptive-analytic method and on a library-based approach and by means of analyzing the protection of religious minorities under Islamic legal system in one side and International Minority Protection Law (IMPL) in the other side, aims to illustrate the relation between these two systems. Religious Minorities have been the first type of these groups enjoying international legal protection and it was after the occurrences such as French Revolution and American Independence that protection has been on rather secular basis. Religious minorities have been a serious Islamic concern from the outset of its revelation. Thereupon, through taking into account the requirements of time and place could be a remarkable pattern in protecting minorities. States, by means of human rights obligations, have a duty to respect, protect and fulfill religious rights of minorities under International Law; meanwhile, in Islamic system and under Tribute Contract, Islamic State shall protect minorities and respect and ensure their political, civil, economic, social and judicial rights. As a result, by comparison with International Human Rights Law, it seems that Tribute Contract, at least in a faith community, is more capable in realization and assurance of the rights of religious minorities.
Mostafa Fazaelei; Mousa Karami
Abstract
Maintenance of international peace and security seems to be impossible without having regional peace and security, which itself is dependent upon the stability and security in national societies. The historical upheavals demonstrate that the protection of minorities is essential for regional and international ...
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Maintenance of international peace and security seems to be impossible without having regional peace and security, which itself is dependent upon the stability and security in national societies. The historical upheavals demonstrate that the protection of minorities is essential for regional and international stability, peace and security, and discrimination against persons belonging to these groups, always has subjected internal stability and regional and international peace and security into serious danger. Both the principal philosophy of Tribute Contract in Islam and the instrumental aim of minorities' protection system are to prevent war and conflict between persons belonging to minorities and those of majority populations in the light of territorial integrity of the states, and consequently maintenance of regional and international peace and security. Therefore, due to securing peace and security, minorities should be protected and the enjoyment of these groups from their rights must be assured. The authors in this article believe that protection of minorities and guarantying their rights and resorting to pacific approach of Islam regarding the co-existence of different social groups, as a principal instrument for preventing the outbreak of ethnic conflicts, is of vital importance for the maintenance of regional peace and security..