<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE ArticleSet PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD PubMed 2.7//EN" "https://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/ncbi/pubmed/in/PubMed.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
				<PublisherName>Univerisity of Qom</PublisherName>
				<JournalTitle>Comparative Studies on Islamic and Western Law</JournalTitle>
				<Issn>2476-4213</Issn>
				<Volume>9</Volume>
				<Issue>3</Issue>
				<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
					<Year>2022</Year>
					<Month>09</Month>
					<Day>23</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>An Analysis of Biological Attack in International Law
(with deference to the Islamic approach)</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle>An Analysis of Biological Attack in International Law
(with deference to the Islamic approach)</VernacularTitle>
			<FirstPage>321</FirstPage>
			<LastPage>354</LastPage>
			<ELocationID EIdType="pii">2170</ELocationID>
			
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.22091/csiw.2022.7694.2204</ELocationID>
			
			<Language>FA</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
					<FirstName>Moslem</FirstName>
					<LastName>Maleki</LastName>
<Affiliation>Ph. D. in Public International Law, University and Seminary Instructor.</Affiliation>

</Author>
</AuthorList>
				<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
			<History>
				<PubDate PubStatus="received">
					<Year>2021</Year>
					<Month>12</Month>
					<Day>18</Day>
				</PubDate>
			</History>
		<Abstract>The cheap and easy technology of biological weapons has become a legitimate threat, now. This is no longer limited to the realm of a scientific mythology, nor is it limited to specific geographical areas. Biological terrorism (bioterrorism) against individuals may cause death, disease, weakness and panic in a society, cause social disruption and become a threat to international peace, security, and public order. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study delves into the subject matter of this phenomenon, to express the nature and characteristics of biological attack and then in light of the principles and sources in international law and Islam gives a jurisprudential and legal analysis of biological attack. According to Islamic law and jurisprudence, the tenets of human rights and especially the right to life, and moral values, any biological weapon in any form that targets the innocent and the civilians is not allowed; It is indeed more of a “bloodshed” in that many innocents are killed and is a prototype example of “corruption on Earth” as presumed in Islam.</Abstract>
			<OtherAbstract Language="FA">The cheap and easy technology of biological weapons has become a legitimate threat, now. This is no longer limited to the realm of a scientific mythology, nor is it limited to specific geographical areas. Biological terrorism (bioterrorism) against individuals may cause death, disease, weakness and panic in a society, cause social disruption and become a threat to international peace, security, and public order. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study delves into the subject matter of this phenomenon, to express the nature and characteristics of biological attack and then in light of the principles and sources in international law and Islam gives a jurisprudential and legal analysis of biological attack. According to Islamic law and jurisprudence, the tenets of human rights and especially the right to life, and moral values, any biological weapon in any form that targets the innocent and the civilians is not allowed; It is indeed more of a “bloodshed” in that many innocents are killed and is a prototype example of “corruption on Earth” as presumed in Islam.</OtherAbstract>
		<ObjectList>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">biological factors</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">biological attack</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">public health</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">Islam</Param>
			</Object>
			<Object Type="keyword">
			<Param Name="value">International Law</Param>
			</Object>
		</ObjectList>
<ArchiveCopySource DocType="pdf">https://csiw.qom.ac.ir/article_2170_744898e35e72041c6dabaed56b6a4319.pdf</ArchiveCopySource>
</Article>
</ArticleSet>
