Univerisity of Qom Comparative Studies on Islamic and Western Law 2476-4213 12 4 2025 12 22 Competitive analysis of exclusive transactions in a vertical agreement (Comparative study in American, European Union, and Iranian law) Competitive analysis of exclusive transactions in a vertical agreement (Comparative study in American, European Union, and Iranian law) 62 89 3332 10.22091/csiw.2025.11482.2601 FA Mirghasem Jafarzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 0000-0003-2988-6530 معصومه اکبریان طبری Ph.D. in Private Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-2051-010X Reza Khoshnodi Ph.D. in Private Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. 0009-0009-6679-3123 Journal Article 2024 10 25 As one of the most important vertical restrictions with specific features, exclusive transactions significantly affect competition and consumer welfare in product, technology, and innovation markets. Due to their anti-competitive consequences, these restrictive procedures are among the challenging issues in competition law. Therefore, this article seeks an answer to the question of whether exclusive transactions necessarily violate competition law or imply favorable economic and competitive consequences. In the present article, an attempt has been made to analyze the position of Iran's competition law by studying the legal approaches of the United States and the European Union while explaining the position of exclusive transactions in non-competitive relationships in the three markets of products, technology, and innovation, using a descriptive and analytical way. The findings of the comparative study show that this restrictive procedure in the competition laws of the United States and the European Union is evaluated by the new situation in the field of innovation and technology according to certain criteria and the rule of reason is usually applied to evaluate these limitations and The rule of absolute prohibition is used only in exceptional cases and in the case that exclusive transactions are seriously disruptive to competition. Instead, in Iran's competition laws, there is no explicit reference to exclusive transactions and the dimensions of these restrictions are unclear. However, these restrictions can be briefly inferred from several clauses of Article 45 of the Law on Implementing General Policies of Principle (44) of the Constitution. Therefore, it is suggested that the legal provisions be amended and the exemption regulations developed according to the interests of competitive markets and the specific requirements of the intellectual property field. As one of the most important vertical restrictions with specific features, exclusive transactions significantly affect competition and consumer welfare in product, technology, and innovation markets. Due to their anti-competitive consequences, these restrictive procedures are among the challenging issues in competition law. Therefore, this article seeks an answer to the question of whether exclusive transactions necessarily violate competition law or imply favorable economic and competitive consequences. In the present article, an attempt has been made to analyze the position of Iran's competition law by studying the legal approaches of the United States and the European Union while explaining the position of exclusive transactions in non-competitive relationships in the three markets of products, technology, and innovation, using a descriptive and analytical way. The findings of the comparative study show that this restrictive procedure in the competition laws of the United States and the European Union is evaluated by the new situation in the field of innovation and technology according to certain criteria and the rule of reason is usually applied to evaluate these limitations and The rule of absolute prohibition is used only in exceptional cases and in the case that exclusive transactions are seriously disruptive to competition. Instead, in Iran's competition laws, there is no explicit reference to exclusive transactions and the dimensions of these restrictions are unclear. However, these restrictions can be briefly inferred from several clauses of Article 45 of the Law on Implementing General Policies of Principle (44) of the Constitution. Therefore, it is suggested that the legal provisions be amended and the exemption regulations developed according to the interests of competitive markets and the specific requirements of the intellectual property field. https://csiw.qom.ac.ir/article_3332_02c22e0207f00a9dc77de08ed4ec40f8.pdf