Document Type : Academicm and Research
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of International law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Public law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom.
3 Ph. D. Candidate in Public law, Department of Public law, Faculty of Law, University of Qom.
Abstract
The institution of public rights is mentioned in Article 156 of the Constitution as one of the major goals of the judiciary in order to realize the rights of the people. There are various aspects to this legal institution including the principles, definition and nature of dissent. The views of Islamic scholars are among the theoretical foundations of the institution of public law. On the other hand, one of the ways to reach a consensus on the institution of public rights is to explain the legal institution similar to collective rights in the sense of "public rights" in international as well as Western views and doctrine. Employing a descriptive-analytical method, the present study draws on the explanation of the views of Islamic and Western thinkers, and seeks to pinpoint the extent of quality and quantity to which the two public rights-collective rights institutions are similar. In this research and in each section, the nature, definition and principles of each of the legal institutions of public rights and collective rights from the perspective of Islamic and Western thinkers have been studied and analyzed. Based on these analyses, it has been determined that based on the reading of the beliefs and ethics of the Islamic Foundation, public rights encompasses a wide range of individual and socialized rights and is more in line with collective rights than the readings of Sharia and jurisprudence based on public rights- which, of course, contains only the socialized individual rights.
Keywords
Main Subjects
- امام خمینی، روح الله، 1388ش، کتاب البیع، تهران، موسسه تنظیم و نشر آثار امام خمینی(س)،ج2.
- امامی، سید حسن، 1368ش، حقوق مدنی، تهران،نشر اسلامیه،چ8،ج2و4.
- پتفت، آرین ، افشاری، فاطمه، 1400ش، «موانع احیای حقوق عامه در حقوق ایران و راهکارهای تحقق مطلوب آن»، دانش حقوق عمومی، پاییز، ش 33.
- تبریزی، میرزا جواد، 1384ش، ارشاد الطالب الی التعلیق علی المکاسب، قم، دارالصدیقه الشهیده،چ4.
- جعفری لنگرودی ،محمد جعفر، 1382ش، فلسفه اعلی در علم حقوق، تهران، گنج دانش،چ1.
- دادیار، هادی، نقش دادستان در حفظ حقوق عمومی و چالشهای قانونی و اجرایی آن، رساله دکتری، پردیس فارابی قم.
- دهخدا، علی اکبر، 1377ش، لغتنامه دهخدا، تهران، انتشارات روژان،چ2،ج10.
- رحیمینژاد، اسماعیل، 1376ش، «روش تفسیری در قوانین کیفری»، نامه مفید، ش 12.
- رفیعی، محمدتقی، 1394ش، فرهنگ جامع حقوقی مجد، تهران، انتشارات مجد،چ2.
- صدر، سید محمد باقر، 1399ق، لمحه فقهیه تمهیدیه عن مشروع دستور الجمهوریة الاسلامیه فی ایران، مجموعه الاسلام یقود الحیاة، بیروت، دارالتعارف للمطبوعات،چ2.
- طباطبایی، سیدمحمد حسین، 1388ش، اسلام و انسان معاصر، به کوشش سیدهادی خسروشاهی، بررسیهای اسلامی، قم، مقاله« اسلام و نیازمندی های انسان معاصر»، ج2.
- کاتوزیان ناصر، 1393ش، فلسفه حقوق، تهران، انتشارات سهامی انتشار،چ5.
- ----------، 1377ش، فلسفه حقوق، شرکت سهامی انتشار،ج1و3.
- کدیور محسن ، 1393ش، حقالناس (اسلام و حقوق بشر)، تهران، انتشارات کویر،چ5.
- گسن وگوبو، 1990م، حقوق مدنی؛ مقدمه عمومی،بی نا،چ3.
- مصباح یزدی، محمدتقی، 1380ش، نظریه حقوقی اسلام، تهران، انتشارات موسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی،چ1.
- معین، محمد، 1385ش، فرهنگ فارسی یک جلدی، تهران، انتشارات کاج،چ3.
- موسی زاده، ابراهیم، افشار، سجاد، 1397ش، «منطق حقوق زبانی»، مجله معارف منطقی، ش8.
- نائینی، میرزا محمد حسین، 1334ق، تنبیه الامه و تنزیه المله، با مقدمه و توضیحات سید محمود طالقانی، تهران، مرکز اسناد انقلاب اسلامی.
- نقره کار، محمد صالح، 1388ش، نقش دادستان در صیانت از حقوق عامه، تهران، انتشارات جنگل، چ1.
- Buchanan, Allen, (1994), ‘Liberalism and Group Rights’, in Jules L. Coleman and Allen Buchanan (eds.), In Harm’s Way – Essays in Honour of Joel Feinberg (Cambridge University Press, 1994).
- Dinstein, Yoram, (1976), collective Human Rights of people and Minorities, international and comparative law quarterly 1.
- Dyke, Van, (1982), collective entities and moral rights: problems in liberal democratic thought, journal of politics.
- --------------, (1976-77), the individual, the state and ethnic communities in political theory, world politics.
- Fallon, Richard. H, (2015), the meaning of legal meaning and Its implications for theories of legal interpretation, the university of Chicago law preview.
- Freeman, Michael, (1995), Are there collective human rights?, Political Studies.
- Green, Leslie, (2007) legal positivism, in Edward N. Zalte (ed), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Hartney, Michael, (1991), ‘Some Confusions Concerning Collective Rights’, Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, No. 2.
- Onald L. Horowitz, (1985) Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Pound, Roscoe, (1989), An introduction to the philosophy of law, social control through law, Archon Books.
- Raz, Joseph, (2005), Can There Be a Theory of Law?, in Martin P. Golding and William A. Edumdson (eds), the Blackwell Guide to the philosophy of law and legal theory, oxford: Blackwell.
- Reame, Denise, (1998), Individuals, Groups, and Rights to public Goods, University of Toronto Law Journal, No. 1.
- Summers S. Robert, (2007), Essay in legal Theory (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic 3).
Persian resources
1- Gasson, Vegobu, 1990, Civil Law; General Introduction, Third Edition, No. 57.
2- Kadivar, Mohsen, 2014, Human Rights (Islam and Human Rights), Fifth Edition, Tehran, Kavir Publication.
3- Katouzian, Nasser, 2014, Philosophy of Law, Fifth Edition, Tehran, Ganj-e Danesh Publication.
4- Katouzian, Nasser, 1998, Philosophy of Law, Volume 1 and Volume 3, Ganj-e Danesh Publication.
5- Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taghi, 2001, The Legal Theory of Islam, First Edition, Tehran, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute Publication.
6- Mousazadeh, Ebrahim & Afshar, Sajjad, 2018, "The logic of linguistic rights", Journal of Logical Education, No. 8.
7- Naini, Mirza Mohammad Hossein Gharavi, 1955, Tanbih al-Ulama and Tanzih al-Mullah (Introduction and explanations by Seyyed Mohammad Taleghani), Tehran, Islamic Revolutionary Documentation Center.
8- Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Sadr, 1977 AH, Lahha Fiqhiyyah Tahmidiyeh on the Legitimate Order of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Collection of Islam Yaqoud Al-Hayat, Second Edition, Beirut, Dar al-Ta'rif Press.
9- Noghre-Kar, Mohammad Saleh, 2009, The role of the prosecutor in protecting public rights, First Edition, Tehran, Jangal Publication.
10- Tabatabai, Seyed Mohammad Hossein, 2009, Islam and Contemporary Man, by Seyed Hadi Khosroshahi, Islamic Studies, Volume 2 of Qom, Article "Islam and the Needs of Contemporary Man", 2009.
11- Dadiar, Hadi, The Role of the Prosecutor in Protecting Public Rights and Its Legal and Executive Challenges, PhD Thesis, Farabi Campus, Qom.
12- Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, 1998, Dehkhoda Dictionary, Volume 10, Second Edition, Tehran, Rojan Publication.
13- Emami, Seyed Hassan, 1989, Civil Law, Eighth Edition, Vols 2 & 4, Tehran, Islamic Publishing.
14- Khomeini, Ruhollah, 2009, Kitab al-Bay'a, Volume 2, Tehran, Institute for Organizing and Publishing the Works of Imam Khomeini (RIP).
15- Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jafar, 2003, Higher Philosophy in Law, First Edition, Tehran, Ganj-e Danesh.
16- Moein Mohammad, 2006, Farhang-e Farsi, volume 1, third edition, Tehran, Kaj Publication.
17- Petoft, Arian & Afshari Fatemeh, 1400, "Obstacles to the revival of public law in Iranian law and the strategies for its optimal realization", Knowledge of Public Law, No. 33.
18- Rafiei, Mohammad Taghi, 2015, Majd Comprehensive Legal Dictionary, Second Edition, Tehran, Majd Publication.
19- Rahiminejad, Ismail, 1997, "Interpretive Method in Criminal Law", Naame-ye Mofid, No. 12.
20- Tabrizi, Mirza Javad, 2005, Guidance of the student to comment on the achievements, fourth edition, Qom, Dar al-Sadiqah al-Shuhada.
)
Send comment about this article