Intervention by Invitation in International Law and Recourse to Non-Muslims (Istianat): A Reflection on the Newly-Founded Islamic Emirate in Afghanistan

Document Type : Academicm and Research

Author

Associate Professor, Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Mofid University.

10.22091/csiw.2022.8007.2246

Abstract

The Middle East region, especially the Islamic territories, has always witnessed some kinds of military and diplomatic interventions by European and Western states. Since World War II, these interferences are shaped and continued in various forms such as intervention by invitations, agreements, or military assistance. Foreign intervention in the region has not been and is not possible without the permission or support of local entities. What may justify or legitimize permission or accompanying foreigners in Islamic international jurisprudence is the concept of "asking help from non-Muslims", "recourse to non-Muslim" (or Istianat). This article, while examining this notion in the Islamic teachings, compares it with concept of "intervention by invitation" in modern international law and explores the scope and extent of application of "Istianat" in the times of short or long presence of foreign military in Islamic territories. This issue has been raised since the US and its regional allies’ military intervention in Iraq, and now, two decades later, it may be discussed on the current situation in Afghanistan and the Taliban’s return to power. The withdrawal of Western troops from Afghanistan might be considered as a turning point in ending the Western coalition's military intervention in the Islamic territories and future developments in the region.

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Main Subjects

References

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