Document Type : Academicm and Research

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Dep. of International Law, Fac. of Law, Qom University.

2 PhD Stu., Dep. of Public Law, Fac. of Law, Qom University.

10.22091/csiw.2024.9080.2388

Abstract

In the fight against corruption, the reaction of civil society organizations often comes from a spectrum of non-governmental actors operating at national and international levels. The nature of these organizations, due to their subject-matter expertise, extensive public engagement, and deep understanding of public sentiment, especially in adhering to the legal requirements within formal structures, can provide significant support in various areas of government and governance, particularly within the judicial system. In this system, the concentration of roles and jurisdictional authority, the existence of intra-court networks, the complexity and prolongation of proceedings accompanied by lack of transparency and increased ambiguities in laws, create conditions conducive to corruption. Therefore, it seems that external monitoring, consultation, and intervention in the functioning of institutions, which in a way reflect the principles of transparency and adherence to the rule of law, are considerable factors in improving the performance of the judicial system. In this regard, this research, recruiting a descriptive-analytical approach, demonstrates that non-governmental organizations increasingly play a role in collaboration with the public sector, including as social watch, in the development and implementation of anti-corruption programs. Other activities of these organizations include organizing targeted public hearings and engaging dialogues to develop a new discourse in the public sphere, advocating and providing assistance and advice to citizens (e.g.: whistleblowers), developing consultative guidelines and strategic recommendations, undertaking monitoring actions, and participating in legislation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Ahrend, R. (2002). "Press freedom, human capital and corruption", department et laboratories d economic theories et applique.
Amundsen, I. (1999). "Political corruption; an introduction to issues", Development Studies and Human Rights.
Bárd, P., Carrera, S., Guild, E., & Kochenov, D. (2016). An EU mechanism on democracy, the rule of law and fundamental rights. CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe.
Buscaglia, E., & Dakolias, M. (1998). An Analysis of the Causes of Corruption in the Judiciary. Law & Pol'y Int'l Bus., 30, 95.
Bohn, S. R. (2012). Corruption in Latin America: Understanding the perception-exposure gap. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 4(3), 67-95.
Carr, I., & Outhwaite, O. (2011). The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in combating corruption: Theory and practice. Suffolk UL Rev., 44, 615.
Gellopen, S. (2014). "Courts, corruption and judicial independent", Elgar online. 
Ibodullaevich, K. K., & Kizi, U. G. K. (2021). Types, forms of corruption, causes and consequences. Scientific Progress, 1(4), 4-9.
Jain, A. K. (2001). "Corruption: A review". Journal of economic surveys, 15(1), 71-121.
McCusker, R. (2006). Review of anti-corruption strategies. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
Myint, U. (2000). Corruption: Causes, consequences and cures. Asia pacific development journal, 7(2), 33-58.
Olken, B. A., & Pande, R. (2012). Corruption in developing countries. Annu. Rev. Econ., 4(1), 479-509.
Page, M. T. (2018). A new taxonomy for corruption in Nigeria. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Rose-Ackerman, S. & Palifka, B. (2016). Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reform. Cambridge University Press.
Stukalo, A. (2016). OSCE Handbook on Combating Corruption.
Svensson, J. (2005). Eight questions about corruption. Journal of economic perspectives, 19(3), 19-42.
Teremetskyi, V., Duliba, Y., Kroitor, V., Korchak, N., & Makarenko, O. (2021). Corruption and strengthening anti-corruption efforts in healthcare during the pandemic of Covid-19. Medico-Legal Journal, 89(1), 25-28.
Vian, T., Kohler, J. C., Forte, G., & Dimancesco, D. (2017). Promoting transparency, accountability, and access through a multi-stakeholder initiative: lessons from the medicines transparency alliance. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 10(1), 1-11.
Xizi, L. (2016). "A literature review on the definition of corruption and factors affecting the risk of corruption", Open Journal of Social Science, No 4.
 
Persian Sources
Chegeni, M., & Hasani, M. H. (2016). Strategic Contribution of NGOs in the Criminal Proceedings; A Criticism of Article 66 of the Iranian Criminal Procedure Law. Majlis and Rahbord Quarterly, 25(94).
Derakhshan, D., & Bahadori, A. (2019). The Role of NGOs in Enhancing the Efficiency of the Judicial System: A Comparative Study. Public Law Studies Quarterly, 52(2).
Executive Regulations of the National Organization of Prisons, Security and Punitive Measures of Iran. (1384). Approved by the Head of the Judiciary.
Guidelines for the Participation and Interaction of Public Institutions with the Judiciary. (2018). Approved by the Head of the Judiciary.
Nazarinejad, M. R., & Esfandiari Far, K. (2015). A Comparative Study of the International Convention against Financial Corruption and the Law on Improving the Health of the Administrative System and Combating Corruption. Journal of Criminal Law, 7(1).
Qaderi, M. (2008). A Sociological Analysis of Administrative Corruption in Iran. Marefat, (138).
Ramezani, M. H. (2015). The Contribution of NGOs in the Criminal Proceedings in Light of the Iranian Criminal Procedure Law. Judicial Law Journal, 81(99).
Regulations of the National Authority and Coordination Body of the United Nations Convention to Fight Corruption. (2012). Approved by the Iranian Board of Ministers.
CAPTCHA Image