Document Type : Academicm and Research
Authors
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2
M.A. in Public Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
This article initially explores the relationship between rationalism and the modern state. Modern rationality emphasizes the position of human subjectivity as a knowing agent who, relying on his critical and autonomous reason, considers the world as an object of knowledge. This new relationship between humanity and the world forms an inseparable link with the prevailing spirit of the modern era. Consequently, the concept of the modern state, as an indivisible entity, is not separate from societal mentality and perceptions but is intricately intertwined with modern rationality. Therefore, a comparison between the entity known in Iran as the Islamic Republic and the modern state is conducted through the lens of the intellectual-philosophical context and theoretical foundations of each.This research concludes that the government emerging from the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which aimed to embody Islamic political thought and establish a rule based on Sharia law within a framework of divine revelation, has not achieved a modern state in either its theory or practice, nor in light of the principles of rationalism. This remains true regardless of its utilization of modern concepts, titles, or institutional appearances necessitated by governing in the modern world, and despite the efforts of numerous scholars to demonstrate compatibility between the concepts and structures of Islamic and modern thought. Therefore, while critiquing these approaches, this article argues that such an understanding of the structure of the modern state, without considering its theoretical basis and semantic capacity, has led to a literal, reductionist, and superficial understanding of concepts and institutions.
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