Document Type : Academicm and Research
Authors
1
PhD Student, Department of Islamic jurisprudence and principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2
Associate Professor, Department of Islamic jurisprudence and principles of Islamic law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3
Professor, Department of Islamic jurisprudence and principles of Islamic law , Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22091/csiw.2026.13237.2688
Abstract
The emergence and rapid expansion of synergistic systems that combine the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence (AIoT) have opened a new horizon for the continuous monitoring of human biosignals and behavioural patterns, without diminishing the persistent threat to privacy. Using a descriptive–analytical method and drawing on library sources and specialised Imami jurisprudence software, this study first reconstructs the ethical–legal foundations of this field around three basic maxims: “respect” for the inviolability of the person, “dominion” over individual control of data flows, and “human dignity” as the intrinsic worth of the human qua human. It then conducts a comparative analysis of the European Union’s anticipatory, human-centred approach (the General Data Protection Regulation and the Artificial Intelligence Act) and the United States’ sectoral and state-based model (the National AI Initiative and the California Consumer Privacy Act), examining how each jurisdiction responds to the “privacy paradox in AIoT.” The findings show that the European architecture, with its emphasis on algorithmic transparency, risk-based classification and broad protection of personal data, is more closely aligned with Imami jurisprudential teachings, whereas the United States’ fragmented framework, although accelerating innovation, lacks the coherence required to fully secure human dignity and individual dominion over personal data. This indicates that, despite initial achievements in regulating AIoT, the accelerating pace of technological change calls for a fundamental re-examination of data-protection structures and requires AI-specific concerns to be fully integrated into all privacy frameworks, so that technological innovation and the safeguarding of individual rights can be realised in tandem.
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