نوع مقاله : علمی و پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه حقوق، واحد تریت حیدریه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تریت حیدریه، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه حقوق بین‌الملل، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Recent developments in international law have led to a redefinition of the concept of state immunity and a shift from absolute to restrictive immunity. This study offers a comparative analysis of the transition from absolute to restrictive state immunity in selected Scandinavian countries (Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland) and Islamic countries such as Iran, Türkiye and the United Arab Emirates. The significance of this research lies in the diversity of legal systems under review: Scandinavian countries operate under civil law systems with Nordic characteristics; Iran follows a mixed legal system combining Islamic and civil law; Türkiye is based on a European civil law model; and the United Arab Emirates features a dual system, blending civil law influenced by Sharia with common law in its free trade zones. This diversity enables a deeper understanding of how different legal systems interact with developments in international law. Findings indicate that, despite structural differences, all countries studied are moving towards the adoption of restrictive immunity, albeit at different speeds and through varying approaches. Using a descriptive-analytical method and drawing on library resources and legal documents, the research identifies key factors influencing this transition, including the expansion of international commercial relations, developments in international law, and economic-political pressures. The results contribute to a better understanding of international legal challenges and offer recommendations for greater alignment with global legal developments.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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